Apposition

The Technical Stuff:

Appositive: a noun or noun substitute placed next to (in apposition to) another noun to be described or defined by the appositive.

Example:

Henry Jameson, the boss of the operation, always wore a red baseball cap.

Assonance

The Technical Stuff:
Assonance: similar vowel sounds repeated in successive or proximate words containing different consonants.

Example:
A city that is set on a hill cannot be hid. --Matthew 5:14b
 

Asyndenton

The Technical Stuff:

 Asyndeton consists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses.

Example:
On his return he received medals, honors, treasures, titles, fame.

Bandwagon Appeal

The Technical Stuff:

A fallacy based on the assumption that the opinion of the majority is always valid: everyone believes it, so you should too.

Example:
"The Steak Escape: Americas Favorite Cheesesteak"

Chiasmus

The Technical Stuff:
When the second part of a grammatical construction is balanced or paralleled by the first part, only in reverse order.

Example:
He labors without complaining and without bragging rests.

Climax

The Technical Stuff:
Climax consists of arranging words, clauses, or sentences in the order of increasing importance, weight, or emphasis.

Example:
The concerto was applauded at the house of Baron von Schnooty, it was praised highly at court, it was voted best concerto of the year by the Academy, it was considered by Mozart the highlight of his career, and it has become known today as the best concerto in the world.

Connotation

The Technical Stuff:
The emotional implications and associations that a word may carry, in contrast to its denotative meanings.

Example:

Happy: So why do they call him "The Joker"?

Dopey: I heard he wears make-up.

Happy: Make-up?

Dopey: Yeah, to scare people. You know, war paint.

(William Smillie and Michael Stoyanov in The Dark Knight, 2008)